★  優活 健康網    ★  Living Well Website
  • 首頁
    • ● ER
    • ● 台灣 美食悠遊網
    • ● 台灣旅遊 導覽網
    • ● 生活智慧網
    • ● 台灣 消費者網站
    • ★ 中國 旅遊網
  • 美食
    • 美食
    • ● 火鍋美食 介紹 - Hot Pot
    • ● (麵食)- 牛肉麵、炸醬麵、拉麵 - Noodles
    • ● 豆腐類 美食 - Tofu Dishes
    • ● 香菇類 美食菜餚 - Mushroom
    • ● 馬鈴薯、土豆菜餚 - Potatoes
    • ● 潤餅卷, 春捲- Popiah, Egg Roll
    • ● 台灣便當飲食, 台鐵便當- Boxed meal
    • ● 台灣 滷肉飯 Braised Pork Rice
    • ● 台灣料理- 油飯、糯米 Glutinous oil rice
    • ● 日式料理- 蛋包飯, 關東煮 Japan cuisine
    • ● 日式料理 - 丼物 (蓋澆飯) (Donburi)
  • 購物
    • ▼ 商圈 ===> >
      • ● 台北市 西門町 商圈 Ximending B. District
      • ● 台北市 信義商圈- Taipei 101 Shopping
      • ● 台北市 五分埔商圈- Wufenpu Garment
      • ● 台北 重慶南路書店街 Taipei Bookstores
      • ● 台北光華商場- 數位新天地- Guanghua
    • ▼ 經濟 ===> >
      • ● 懂程式,會美編,在台新金只值21K
      • ● 師大夜市餐廳經營 - 我賺的錢 都給房東了
      • ● 越勞中國月賺900美元,偷渡來台只領22K
      • ● 美國醫療費用世界最昂貴- US medi-cost
      • ● 餐廳我賺的 都給房東了- High Rent
      • ● 經營
    • ● 台北101 購物中心-Taipei 101 shopping
    • ● 團購 -- Group Buying
    • ● 蘋果,宏達電,三星, 手機大戰- htc Apple
    • ● 台灣團購網騙很大 Groupon、Gomaji
    • ● 中國大陸團購分析-Group buying in China
  • 飲食
    • ● 糖份 - Sugar : The Bitter Truth
    • ● 好吃美食與健康危險- 警訊 - Food risk
    • ● 常吃泡麵有害身體健康
    • ● 當心水果食物中毒 - Food Poisoning
    • ● 不安全食物: 壽司被評為第一 - Sushi
    • ● 一舉兩得 - 外食族抗漲帶便當
    • ● 苦茶油 - Tea Seed Oil
    • ● 隔夜菜食用有何可能問題?
    • ● 長期不吃肉竟早衰失智
    • ● 飲食與癌症關係密切 - Diet and Cancer
    • ● 不含麩質飲食法的爭議- Gluten-free diet
    • ● 吃深海魚 小心汞中毒- Mercury poison
    • ● 老人愛管灌飲食, 恐營養失衡- Elderly
    • ● 手搖飲當水喝!兩壯年男中風 半邊癱瘓
  • 保健
    • ▼ 運動 ===> >
      • ● 運動健身好處多- Exercise for Health
      • ● 運動讓你每個細胞都健康 - Exercise
      • ● 慢跑運動 - Jogging Exercise
      • ● 活動:要活就要運動 - Exercise is Key
      • ● 有氧健身操課訓練 - Aerobics for health
    • ● 養生之道- 勿喝冰冷飲料- No cold drink
    • ● 小米, 燕麥, 糙米煮粥吃 改善胃潰瘍, 發炎
    • ● 網傳留言:亂吃東西中年以後會很痛苦
    • ● 葡萄糖胺食品保健?毒物醫師斥無效
    • ● 山竹果汁 - Mangosteen Juice
    • ● 滿街飲料店, 嚴重傷害台灣人健康-Hazard
    • ● 牛初乳奶粉不能直接用作嬰兒主食
    • ● 趁一切還來得及- 養生之道- Not too late
    • ● 國際藥聞- 醫學期刊: 別浪費錢買維他命
    • ● 顧他命可緩化療, 但沒療效- Glutamine
  • 保健
    • ● (三高) - 高血壓, 高血糖, 高血脂
    • ● 油漱法 Oil Pulling - 荒謬的保健法
    • ● 101歲劈腿爺,頭能頂地,腿可繞頸- 101 yr
    • ● 阿金博士減肥法 - Dr. Atkin's Diet
    • ● 最流行九種減肥飲食法- Weight loss diet
    • ● 膳食纖維的功能與重要 - Dietary Biber
    • ● 大燕麥片降膽固醇- Oatmeal
    • ● 清朝 乾隆皇帝的高壽秘訣
    • ● 冥想默思 (Meditation)
    • ● Health Benefits of Meditation
    • ● Unblock cholesterol plaqued arteries
  • 營養
    • ● 維生素缺乏症 - Vitamin Deficiency
    • ● 維生素A 缺乏症 - Vitamin A Deficiency
    • ● 維生素B1 (硫胺)缺乏 - Vitamin B1
    • ● 維生素B2 (核黃素) - Vitamin B2
    • ● 維生素B3 (菸鹼酸) - Vitamin B3
    • ● 維生素B5 (pantothenic acid)
    • ● 維生素B6
    • ● 維生素B9 (葉酸) 缺乏- Folic Acid
    • ● 維生素B12 缺乏症- Vit B12 Deficiency
    • ● 維生素B12 - Vitamin B12
    • ● 維生素C 缺乏症 - Vitamin C Deficiency
    • ● 維生素D 缺乏症 - Vitamin D Deficiency
    • ● 維生素E 缺乏症 - Vitamin E Deficiency
    • ● 維生素 K - Vitamin K
    • ● 補鉀降低心腦血管疾病風險 - Potassium
    • ● 補鈣不能盲目,腎不好補鈣會傷害心臟
  • 營養
    • ● 魚油 - Fish oil
    • ● 魚肝油 - Cod Liver Oil
    • ● 二十二碳六烯酸 - DHA
    • ● 水果的營養 - Fruit Nutrition
    • ● 抗氧化劑 Anti-Oxidant
    • ● 薑黃素(Curcumin) - 咖哩 Curry
    • ● 人體缺乏維生素B2與得患癌症有關
    • ● 中老年人喝牛奶能降低心血管疾病
    • ● Milk Myth - 牛奶迷思
    • ● Nutrition value- Juice vs. Concentrate
    • ● Benefits of Orange Juice
    • ● Nutrition & Food - Google Tech Talks
    • ● Selenium 硒元素
  • 健康
    • ▼ Health ===> >
      • ● Vitamin E Tied to Prostate Cancer Risk
      • ● Nutrition and Immune System
      • ● Our Microbes in Us
      • ● Nutrients that Boost Immunity
      • ● Exercise and Aging
      • ● Leg Cramps While Sleeping
    • ● 營養健康補品 - 初乳 - Colostrum
    • ● 關於蜂蜜 - 一個真實的故事 - Honey Story
    • ● 科學家研究咖啡因, 發現利弊參半-Coffee
    • ● 震驚世界的醫學發現!Awesome discovery
    • ● 十大健康惡習- Top 10 unhealthy habits
    • ● 服用維他命有助健康? 效果具爭議-Vitamin
    • ● 健康飲食就要從飲食中少油做起- Less oil
    • ● 手腳冰冷,恐潛藏健康問題-
    • ● 猛灌紅茶不喝水,壯男中風半癱
    • ● 如何減肥瘦身 - Lose Body Weight
    • ● 肌肉減少症- 骨骼肌減少症- Sarcopeni
    • ● 怎樣測試自己是酸性體質或鹼性體質?
    • ● 烘烤炸澱粉食物易生致癌物
    • ● 枸杞與眼睛健康
    • ● 瀋陽男1夜喝20瓶啤酒, 胰臟溶解只剩一層膜
  • 健康
    • ● 人體胃的生理功能與病症
    • ● 小腸的生理功能與病變
    • ● 大腸的生理功能與病變
    • ● 如何提升人體免疫力 - Enhance Immunity
    • ● 保衛人體健康免疫系統- Immunity
    • ● 穀胱甘肽- Glutathione- (Antioxidant)
    • ● 咳嗽3週才會好 別急吃抗生素
    • ● 如何保持你的腸道健康 - Healthy Guts
    • ● 緩解疼痛的策略: 雙臂交叉?Cross arms
    • ● 睡眠改善高血糖-Sleep lower blood sugar
    • ● 心因性猝死,1個月前會出現徵兆- Cardiac
    • ● 預防髖部骨折,補充鈣與維生素D- Pelvis
    • ● 肉類攝取與罹患癌症的風險
    • ● 雞蛋與第二型糖尿病發生機率
    • ● 鉀離子與身體健康 - K+
    • ● 姿勢性低血壓 Orthostatic Hypotension
  • 檢查
    • ▼ 驗血 ===> >
      • ● 驗血 - 全血細胞計數 - CBC
      • ● 癌症指數的正確閱讀
      • ● 抗體 Antibody (Immunoglobulin)
      • ● Serum Free Light Chains -血清遊離輕鏈
      • ● Beta 2-Microglobulin (β2-M)
    • ● 膀胱(內視)鏡檢查 - Cystoscopy
    • ● 大腸(內視)鏡檢查與結腸瘜肉
    • ● 超音波掃瞄檢查- Ultrasound scan
    • ● 孕婦超音波- Pregnancy ultrasound
    • ● 心臟病檢查
    • ● 肌電圖 檢查- Electromyography
    • ● 腎功能檢查 - Kidney Function Tests
    • ● 紅血球與貧血 (RBC & Anemia)
    • ● 尿液分析檢驗 - Urine Test
    • ● 胸部X光檢查 - Chest X-ray
    • ● 血壓與血壓測量 - Blood Pressure
    • ● 泌尿科常做的檢查
  • 病症
    • ▼ 胃腸病 ===> >
      • ● 胃食道逆流病 - GERD, Reflux Disease
      • ● 慢性胃炎 - Chronic Gastritis
      • ● 胃黏膜-腸上皮化生 Intestinal Metaplasia
      • ● 非潰瘍性消化不良- Nonulcer dyspepsia
      • ● 下一個國民病大腸癌? 如何發現徵兆?
      • ● 胰臟炎與胰臟疾病 - Pancreatitis
    • ▼ 癌症 ===> >
      • ● 癌症免疫療法- Cancer Immunotherapy
      • ● 多發性骨髓瘤 - Multiple Myeloma
      • ● 胰臟癌 - Pancreatic Cancer
      • ● 淋巴瘤 - Lymphoma
      • ● 泌尿道癌症
      • ● 膀胱癌 - Bladder Cancer
      • ● 肝癌 - Liver Cancer
      • ● 食道癌 - Esophageal Cancer
    • ▼ 症狀 >
      • ● 血尿
    • ● 阿茲海默氏症 Alzheimer D. (老年癡呆症)
    • ● 如何預防老年癡呆症 -
    • ● 如何預防失智症 -
    • ● 重肌無力症 - Myasthenia Gravis
    • ● What's Causing Your Memory Loss?
    • ● Level of GFR and Anemia
    • ● 低鈉血症 - Hyponatremia
    • ● 體液與血鈉異常之處置
    • ● 低血鉀症 - hypokalemia
    • ● 高血鉀症 - hyperkalemia
    • ● 低鉀血症和高鉀血症
    • ● 酸血症 - Acidemia - 代謝性酸中毒
    • ● 低鈣血症 - Hypocalcemia
  • 醫療
    • ▼ 健保 ===> >
      • ● 中央健康保險署 - 台灣二代健保
      • ● 台灣二代健保
      • ● 台灣全民健保與急診醫療 - ER
      • ● 健保藥費核價離譜- 同成分藥劑,價差逾2倍
      • ● 全民健保老人整合門診,家屬大多不知道
      • ● 台灣的醫療安全問題 -
    • ▼ 心臟病 ===> >
      • ● 心肌梗塞 - Heart Attack Signs
      • ● 心臟病 體外反搏治療- EECP Therapy
      • ● 體外「心臟震波」治療冠心病 - CSWT
    • ▼ 眼科 ===> (眼睛健康與保養) >
      • ● 中老年人眼睛與視力問題- Eye disease
      • ● 眼睛 白內障 (Cataract)
      • ● 眼睛 白內障的治療 - Cataract
    • ● (好書推薦):最新天星英漢百科醫學辭典
    • ● 乳房腫塊以為瘀青, 推拿推到癌細胞擴散
    • ● 葡萄糖胺療效淺,破除維骨力神話
    • ● 腳跟疼痛?千萬別輕忽
    • ● 中醫經方療效不顯,專家: 中藥用量該多大
    • ● 你相信「中醫」有多少療效?
    • ● 多發感覺運動神經病變-polyneuropathy
    • ● 腳麻走不動?你可能需要神經傳導檢查
    • ● 成大揪肝硬化元凶,治肝大突破
    • ● 臨床打針注射技術
    • ● 鼻胃管 - Nasogastric Tube
  • 醫療
    • ● 血尿 Hematuria
    • ● 泌尿道感染 - 膀胱炎- Cystitis
    • ● 憂鬱症 - Depression (Mood)
    • ● 流感重症合併,肺炎感染驟增
    • ● 老人骨質疏鬆症, 逾半數有骨折- Fracture
    • ● 骨質疏鬆症與防治 - Osteoporosis
    • ● 安慰藥效果 - Placebo Effect
    • ● 帕金森氏症 - Parkinson's Disease
    • ● 帕金森氏症治療 - Parkinson Treatment
    • ● 帕金森氏症與睡眠失常
    • ● Glutathione
    • ● 達文西機械手臂手術- da Vinci Surgery
    • ● 高血壓治療
  • 腎病
    • ▼ 腎病藥物 ===> >
      • ● 活性炭 克裏美淨(Kremezin) 效果如何
      • ● 活性炭 克裏美淨(Kremezin)效果不明顯
      • ● 吉多利錠- Keto-analogues for CKD
    • ● Sodium Bicarbonate Heals Kidney D.
    • ● Sodium Bicarbonate Cures Cancer
    • ● 腎血管肌肉脂肪瘤
    • ● 泌尿道感染 尿道炎 基本知識
    • ● 如何保護你的腎臟-Protect your kidneys
    • ● 腎臟微循環與其內在調節 (急診醫學)
    • ● 人體內水與電解質的平衡 (急診醫學)
    • ● 腎臟炎的(飲食)治療處理
    • ● 腎臟病患者飲食原則與禁忌- Kidney D.
    • ● 腎臟病與蛋白質的攝取
    • ● 如何保護腎臟?遠離慢性腎臟病
    • ● 腎衰竭患者的飲食
    • ● 逆轉腎!低蛋白搭酮酸胺延緩洗腎
    • ● 洗腎病患營養與飲食原則
    • ● (腎臟) 透析 (Dialysis) -- 洗腎
    • ● Pentoxifylline 與慢性腎臟病
    • ● Healthy Foods for Kidney Disease
    • ● How to delay the onset of dialysis
  • 貧血
    • ● 貧血與診斷 - Anemia and Diagnosis
    • ● 貧血與治療 - Anemia and Treatment
    • ● 搶救貧血大作戰 - Fighting Anemia
    • ● 缺鐵性貧血與治療- Iron-Defici anemia
    • ● 貧血與慢性腎臟病- Anemia in CKD
    • ● 貧血可能的疾病風險
    • ● 輸血 相關知識- Blood Transfusion
    • ● Anemia and EPO Treatment
  • RA
    • ● 類風濕性關節炎 - Rheumatoid Arthritis
    • ● 類風濕性關節炎- Rheumatoid Arthritis
    • ● 過敏免疫風濕科- 常用藥物- A.I.R. Drug
    • ● 免疫調節藥- Methotrexate, MTX 至善錠
    • ● Methotrexate Toxicity- Treatment
    • ● 免疫調節藥- 磺胺藥- Sulfasalazine, SSZ
    • ● 免疫調節藥- Hydroxychloroquine, HCQ
    • ● 類固醇 藥物 - Steroids
    • ● 生物製劑 - Anti-TNF Biologic Agents
    • ● 生物製劑- 復邁 (Humira, Adalimumab)
    • ● 懷孕與類風濕關節炎藥物
    • ● C反應蛋白 C-Reactive Protein- CRP
    • ● 紅血球沉降率 - ESR
    • ● 類風濕因子 Rheumatoid Factor (RF)?
    • ● 抗環瓜氨酸抗體 - Anti-CCP
    • ● 食物療法與類風濕關節炎-Diet & RA
    • ● 食物與類風濕關節炎- Food & RA
    • ● Natural Remedies for RA
    • ● Vitamins, Minerals, and RA
  • 藥物
    • ● Acetylcysteine-富泌舒Fluimucil, Actein
    • ● 家庭常備藥物 - Family Kept Medicine
    • ● 小護士 - 曼秀雷敦 - Mentholatum
    • ● 乙醯胺酚-普拿疼止痛藥-Acetaminophen
    • ● 撒隆巴斯類 鎮痛貼片- Salonpas
    • ● 抗生素藥品 - Antibiotics
    • ● 麥格斯口服液- Megestrol Acetate
    • ● 萬靈藥 - 阿斯匹靈 - Aspirin
    • ● 藥物不良反應 - Adverse Drug Reaction
    • ● 葡萄柚汁可能對藥物的影響- Grapefruit
    • ● 藥物含鈉造成的不良作用
    • ● 瀉劑 - Bisacodyl
    • ● 毒物 戴奧辛 - Dioxin
    • ● Beware of the Prolia (injection) Drug.
    • ● 7 Drugs Whose Dangerous Risks
  • 藥物
    • ● 抗生素 賜復力生 Ceflexin - Cephalosporin
    • ● 抗生素 - Levofloxacin (Cravit)
    • ● 雙嘧達莫 - 潘生丁- Persantine
    • ● 諾安命 Novamin (Prochlorperazine)
    • ● 抗凝血劑- Warfarin 可邁丁- Coumadin
    • ● 高血壓藥- 脈優- Amlodipine- Norvasc
    • ● 高血壓藥 (道福寧) Dophilin
    • ● 類固醇 藥物 - Steroid Drugs
    • ● 消化性潰瘍藥 - Rabeprazole (Pariet)
    • ● 消化性潰瘍藥- Esomerprazole (Nexium)
    • ● 斷血炎 (Transamin) - 傳明酸
    • ● 除鐵能 - Deferoxamine (Desferal)
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現在位置 : 其他 > 山竹果汁 - Mangosteen Juice

山竹果
     山竹 (學名:Garcinia mangostana),又名莽吉柿、山竺、山竹子、倒捻子、鳳果,熱帶常綠喬木,為金絲桃科藤黃屬下的一個種。原產於馬來群島中的巽他群島和摩鹿加群島,由於盛產於南洋熱帶地區,有「熱帶果後」之稱。在馬來西亞、新加坡和泰國,榴槤和山竹被視為「夫妻果」,故此相對於稱為「果王」的榴槤而言,山竹就是「果後」。山竹同屬的主要水果包括鈕扣山竹(Garcinia prainiana)和檸檬山竹(Garcinia madruno),近緣種是福木(Garcinia subelliptica)。
     山竹樹可長到7-25米高,樹冠為圓形或圓錐形,樹皮為黑褐色,樹皮汁液為黃色,至少需要5-6年才可結果,而大多數則需要8-10年。樹葉對生,長8-15厘米,為常綠厚葉,光澤皮革質感。花直徑2.5-5厘米,雄花或兩性花,兩性花生於嫩短枝的前端,1或2個。萼片及花瓣4枚,為肉質黃色雜有紅色和淡粉色。一朵花中雄蕊數量多,雌蕊一個,柱頭4-8裂。
      山竹果實成熟後,果實為直徑4-8厘米的球形,表面光滑,肉質萼片及外果皮內層的柱頭殘存,果皮很厚且極為堅硬,需用刀才能切開。其果皮為黑紫色或粉紅色,很厚,味苦,一般不食用;果肉為白色,瓣狀,外觀頗似蒜瓣,可食用,味道濃郁,清涼甜美,口感柔和,有質感。山竹需要生長在4 °C以上的環境中,否則植株無法成活。
 果實
      山竹進行不完全無配生殖,因此不需要受精即可長出果實。剛長出的果實為嫩綠色,如果在樹下生長的話,果實會完全是白色。在接下來的兩三個月裡,果實體積變大,外果皮顏色逐漸變深,最後變為深綠色。最終整個果實會長到直徑約4-8厘米為止,而且堅硬的外果皮會變得軟些,這是其種子已發育完全。當果實體積停止增大後,葉綠素合成減緩,另一色相開始顯現。最初果實的外果皮色素為綠色,上有紅色條紋,接著整體變為紅色,最後變為暗紫色,此過程持續十多天,標誌著果實完全成熟並可以食用。
     山竹的外果皮中包含具有收斂作用的一系列多酚類物質,包括氧雜蒽酮和單寧酸,這些物質可以確保果實在未成熟時不受昆蟲、真菌、植物病毒、細菌和動物的侵害。
 內果皮
      山竹可食用的內果皮在植物學中被稱為假種皮,為白色,直徑約為4-6厘米,由4-8瓣組成,為楔形,其中包含無融合生殖種子。在外果皮的內層存在一些突起的脊,是柱頭殘留的痕迹,呈輪狀排列,與假種皮的瓣數相符。
 種子
      山竹的種子長約1厘米,扁平狀,屬於頑拗型種子,因此在發芽之前要保持種子的濕潤。其種子的胚為珠心胚,不需要經過受精。山竹的種子一脫離果實就可以發芽,而在乾燥條件下會迅速死亡。一個山竹果實中有多個種子,而其中只有一個可以萌發。
 化學組成
      山竹吃起來很甜美,但其散發出的氣味很淡,因為其氣味的化學組分量約是芳香水果氣味的1/400。山竹的清香氣味主要由揮發性成分,包括乙酸己酯、葉醇 (順-3-己烯醇)及α-古巴烯(Copaene)組成。
     山竹營養豐富,抗氧化作用強,而且有保健功效,不過食用要適量,因為雖然正在研究中的氧雜蒽酮被指出可能有抗病效果,但過量攝入此物質會增加酸中毒的可能性。氧雜蒽酮的一種——α-倒捻子素有顯著的抗氧化性,已廣泛用於藥品中,但過量服用會對線粒體功能有毒害作用,損害呼吸作用,造成乳酸酸中毒。
 功用
      山竹富含胡椒粉蛋白質、醣質和脂類。外果皮中的紅色素可用來製黃色染料。
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山竹果
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山竹果
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山竹果 內果食
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Purple mangosteen fruit exterior and in cross section
(網路資訊, 僅供參考)
山竹果介紹:

    山竹它具備了特殊的醫療效果,在歷史上,就使用它的果皮來治療皮膚疾病,並且浸泡於水中,做成效果獨特的山竹果茶,具有強化小腸健康的效果,並且可以提升自體免疫功能。
 山竹果醫療功效
      山竹果對於抗癌、抗菌、抗過敏、抗發炎都有(強烈而顯著的?)效果,醫療上已證明山竹果可促進腸胃道健康、強化免疫系統、中和自由基、預防心臟血管疾病、預防中風,與促進呼吸道系統健康……等等,都有相當大的幫助。
      山竹果含有口山酮具有抗氧化的作用,能夠防止細胞遭受自由基的破壞,保持細胞具有最佳的生物狀態、增強動物的免疫力。山竹果中還富含有氧雜蒽酮 (xanthones),氧雜蒽酮也具有抗氧化成份,有助於維持腸道健康、增強免疫機能、抑制自由基,幫助支持軟骨和保養關節機能,能促進強化呼吸系統。
 山竹果營養功效
      山竹果肉含可溶性固形物16.8%,檸檬酸0.63%,還含有其他維生素B1,B2,C4和礦物質,具有降燥、清涼解熱的作用,因此,山竹不僅味美,而且還有降火的功效,能克榴槤之燥熱。在泰國,人們將榴槤山竹視「夫妻果」。如果吃了過多榴槤上了火,吃上幾個山竹就能緩解。
     另外,山竹含有豐富的蛋白質和脂類,對機體有很好的補養作用,對體弱、營養不良、病後都有很好的調養作用。
 山竹果適用人群
     一般人都可食用。體弱、病後的人更適合,雖然一般人都可食用山竹,但每天吃3個足矣。因含糖分較高,肥胖者宜少吃,糖尿病者更應忌食。它亦含較高鉀質,故腎病及心臟病人應少吃。
 山竹果食用宜忌
     山竹富含纖維素,在腸胃中會吸水膨脹,過多食用反而會引起便秘。另外,山竹屬寒性水果,所以體質虛寒者少吃尚可,多吃不宜,切勿和西瓜、豆漿、啤酒、白菜、芥菜、苦瓜、冬瓜荷葉湯等寒涼食物同吃,若不慎吃過量,可用紅糖煮薑茶解之。
     山竹果是一個營養價值非常高的水果,想了解更多山竹果的好處可以來這邊看看喔。

Purple Mangosteen
    The purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), colloquially known simply as mangosteen, is a tropical evergreen tree believed to have originated in the Sunda Islands and the Moluccas of Indonesia. It grows mainly in Southeast Asia, and it also grows in tropical South American countries such as Colombia and in the state of Kerala in India, where the tree has been introduced. The tree grows from 6 to 25 m (20–82 ft) tall. The fruit of the mangosteen is sweet and tangy, juicy, and somewhat fibrous, with an inedible, deep reddish-purple colored rind (exocarp) when ripe. In each fruit, the fragrant edible flesh that surrounds each seed is botanically endocarp, i.e., the inner layer of the ovary.
     The purple mangosteen belongs to the same genus as the other, less widely known, mangosteens, such as the button mangosteen (G. prainiana) or the charichuelo (G. madruno).
A  Friendly Skeptic Looks at Mangosteen
by
 Mangosteen
Can drinking mangosteen juice reduce arthritis inflammation and pain?
Is $40 ‘super fruit’ juice really good for you? 
Business claims drink offers immunity boost — but hasn’t proven it.
(Xanco 果汁業者稱此飲料能提升人體免疫力,但尚未證明。
)
 
Associated Press  updated 2/11/2008 12:38:51 PM ET    
SALT LAKE CITY — On stage at a sales convention, XanGo executive vice president Joseph Morton said that when he first stumbled across mangosteen, a tropical fruit with purported curative powers, "I didn't have to have it confirmed in the New England medical journal before I would listen."
     The multilevel marketing company has built a huge business around its mangosteen-based juice, which it promotes as an immunity booster. The company still hasn't proved its health benefits — which it says could include a stronger immune system and improved joint function — to skeptical experts. XanGo's Web site includes a disclaimer, noting the juice is not meant to treat or prevent disease. A lab test arranged by The Associated Press found its antioxidant power to be on par with other fruit juices.
     Morton, a 37-year-old triathlete nicknamed Ironman Joe, was on a business trip in Malaysia when he saw mangosteen, a white delicacy wrapped in a blood-red leathery shell, on the dessert menu.
     From that introduction, Morton and his business partners capitalized on a new brand category of liquid "super-fruits" that is "doing gangbusters," said Jeff Hilton, a partner at Integrated Marketing Group, a branding and packaging consultant.
     XanGo has more than two dozen competitors that sell fruit juices, powdered drinks and vitamin fizz tablets. Tahitian Noni International Inc. sold $2 billion worth of noni juice, from the French Polynesia fruit, in its first 10 years by 2006. MonaVie, also of Utah, bottles a blend of acai juice from the Amazon basin berry. Pure Fruit Technologies Inc. underprices XanGo on a mangosteen-based juice that sells in health food stores.
     XanGo, a private company that doesn't reveal financial statements, said at the October convention that since its launch five years ago, sales of the mangosteen-based juice topped a cumulative $1 billion. It ships out bottles by the case from Spanish Fork, Utah, and says it has 700,000 unsalaried sales associates in 17 countries.
     "That's the only product they sell, and people are taking it around the world," said Sen. Orrin Hatch, R-Utah, who quaffs the purplish-color XanGo and pops multivitamins and other supplements every day. Hatch was the prime sponsor of the 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, which allows the sale of supplements unless the Food and Drug Administration can prove them harmful.

     An independent lab test performed for The Associated Press shows XanGo's antioxidant strength is no better than other readily available fruit juices, yet it costs nearly $40 a bottle. XanGo insists mangosteen contains other beneficial chemicals.
     "My big concern with XanGo is that the business has gone a long way without showing any benefit in human trials," said Wayne Askew, director of the Division of Nutrition of the University of Utah's College of Health.
     Others are skeptical, too.
     "It's a 'Wizard of Oz' story," said Anthony Almada, president and chief executive of GENr8 Inc., a marketer of sports nutrition dietary supplements. "The industry is built on storytelling, and because they do it one-on-one, without advertising, they don't incur the wrath of the FDA."
     Dietary supplements are a $22 billion largely unregulated business in the U.S.
     For the lab test, The Associated Press shipped a 750-milliliter bottle of XanGo to Oregon State University's Linus Pauling Institute at Corvallis. The institute measured its antioxidant strength against store-bought juices that sell for a few dollars a bottle.
     On a scale of molecular weight, XanGo's antioxidants measured 14,884 "micromoles" per liter — slightly higher than cranberry juice, but lower than black cherry and less than half the power of blueberry juice. Apple juice finished last in this test.
     "In terms of its antioxidant capacity, XanGo is in the middle of the pack," said Balz Frei, the institute's director and chairman.
     Antioxidants are substances added to many foods and even soap in the belief they can slow down the damage oxidation can do to cells.
     Frei and other scientists emphasize that antioxidants haven't been shown to actually work inside the human body. Antioxidants are known to work in test tubes, but stomach acids could neutralize them before they can get to work destroying any cell-damaging free-oxygen radicals.
     Uncertainties over testing protocols have stalled research, yet every day seems to bring another mangosteen bottler, as an Internet search will show.
     XanGo's research and development manager insists mangosteen has more to offer than its so-called oxygen radical absorption capacity — a rich cocktail of other beneficial chemicals barely known to science.

     "You have a fruit that's very complicated, with a lot of chemicals in it," said Mike Pugh, who dismissed antioxidant ratings as a "numbers game" He said the type of antioxidants can be more important.
     Pugh believes all the scientific debate can be pointless: If mangosteen makes people feel better, he said, it must do some good.
     "It helps with my severe allergies," said Tim Gardner of Hammond, Wis., a 27-year-old district manager for a chain of auto parts stories who drove nonstop with his wife and two other couples to Salt Lake City for the XanGo convention. Gardner said he became a sales recruit to lower his cost to $25 wholesale from $37.50 for a three-quarters of a liter bottle.
     "You're not trying to sell the product; you're sponsoring other people," Gardner said. "Every distributor is a customer, and every customer is a distributor."
     Jon Taylor, a one-time Nu Skin Enterprises Inc. distributor and trial consultant for disaffected distributors who analyzed XanGo's multitiered compensation plan at the AP's request, said it was little different from scores of other multilevel marketing ventures.
     It's a formula, he said, that makes money for the top 1 percent of distributors and leaves many other recruits stockpiling products they can't sell.
     "The reason you lose money is you have to buy products every month to stay good with the company," Taylor said. "That's the rub."
     Bob Freeze, XanGo's vice president for public relations, dismissed Taylor as a "disgruntled" former Nu Skin recruit "who has taken up a fight to bring down any legitimate multilevel marketing company."
     Provo, Utah-based Nu Skin, a $1 billion network marketing company that sells dietary supplements and skin care products, has been fined three times by the Federal Trade Commission for misrepresentations.
     Successful XanGo distributors take a cut of commissions from others recruited into their chain of sales associates. Denise Villahermosa, 49, who lives in northern Virginia, sits atop an organization of 6,000 distributors — "we all use the product" — that produces more than $100,000 in monthly sales. That makes Villahermosa a top-level "premier" distributor; she gets commissions, bonuses and travel rewards for her efforts.
     "We sell the XanGo story," Villahermosa said. "I share my story, how I got involved and how the product has worked for me. I wanted to stay healthy."
      XanGo has been warned by the FDA for claiming that mangosteen could ward off disease or cancer. The company insists those claims were printed by a third party on a brochure at a recruitment seminar and it's not responsible.
     XanGo executives said they haven't heard from the FDA since receiving a warning letter last summer and assume the case is closed.
     Paul Teitell, the FDA's assistant district director in Denver, said the matter isn't settled. The agency can seize the product, stop the company from doing business or prosecute, he said.
     "The fact they haven't heard from us since last summer doesn't mean the case is closed," Teitell responded. "We warned them, and what happens beyond that warning is based on the way they behave, not how we behave."
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On a scale of molecular weight, XanGo's antioxidants measured slightly higher than cranberry juice and less than half the power of blueberry juice, according to a lab test by The Associated Press.
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